Essay on Collegiate Binge Drinking - 3740 Words

Abstract: As recognition grows that binge drinking on colleges nationwide is more prevalent than ever, school administrators and parents alike are seeking useful intervention to combat this issue. Studies have determined that â€Å"students’ use of alcohol is shaped, to some extent; by how much they think other students on campus drink† (Wechsler 2000:57). Most college students are in the particular age group that statistically has the highest rate of binge drinking. According to the American Journal of Public Health, this leads college students who decide to overindulge â€Å"extremely vulnerable to such health problems as: injuries from related car crashes; unplanned and unsafe sex; assault and aggressive behavior; alcohol dependence; and†¦show more content†¦For the purpose of this thesis, I will look specifically at binge drinking rates among college students in Wisconsin and California. Having attended higher education in each state, I will try to gain a better understanding as to why there is a higher level of binge drinking among college students in Wisconsin than California. I will look at significant themes such as underage drinking, adult binge drinking, and certain alcohol-related policies in both states to show that there is a correlation between the aforementioned variables and college binge drinking. Historical Background Sociologists in Wisconsin have for years tried to determine why alcohol is so engrained in that state’s culture. Sociologists concede that â€Å"Climate, ethnicity, the historical significance of the brewing business, a relative lack of newcomers who would want to reform lenient laws, as well as the social nature of drinking in general are all possible explanations† (Milwaukee Journal Sentinel: Wasted in Wisconsin series 2008). Alcohol has become such a prevalent issue in Wisconsin that the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, Wisconsin’s largest newspaper, has written a 72-part series on binge drinking in Wisconsin. The series, called Wasted in Wisconsin, details how drinking is so deeply rooted in Wisconsin’sShow MoreRelatedHealth And Performance Effects Of Alcohol Use By Intercollegiate / Varsity Athletes1232 Words   |  5 Pagesnon-use of protective behaviours while drinking, and an overestimation of peer heavy drinking, then non-athletes. Research has also established that student-athletes drink more alcohol than non-athletes, leading investigators to consider this group an â€Å"at-risk† sub-population of university students. According to a study conducted by the Harvard School of Public Health, athletes reported more binge drinking, heavier alcohol use, and a greater number of drinking-related harms. Along with these findingsRead MoreEffects Of Binge Drinking On College Students Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesHenry Wechsler in Getting Serious about Eradicating Binge Drinking, stresses how modern college students think that binge drinking is a norm in college life. I agree with Wechsler that the modern college student thinks binge drinking is normal. In High School, people would binge drink on a regular basis, and that eventually carried over into collegiate life. After being in college for about a month now, I realized that every night students binge drink either at bars, fraternity houses, or tailgatesRead MoreA Study of College Drinking Essay examples1497 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature The literature on college binge drinking and student’s academic performance are for the most part; focused on an essential constituent or characteristic that has been revealed. During the past ten months, research has become an essential basis in regards to college binge drinking and the effects said behavior is having on those college students who choose to over-indulge. Given the situation over the literature pertaining to college binge drinking and poor academic grades, it is importantRead MoreAlcohol Is The Number One Drug Used By College Students1798 Words   |  8 Pagesbut may also harm the overall health of an athlete. Excessive alcohol use among college students is widely recognized as a serious public health problem in the United States. (H. Wechsler, 2000) (H. Wechsler, J.E. Lee, M. Kuo, H. Lee, College binge drinking in the 1990s: A continuing problem Journal of American College Health, 48 (2000), pp. 199–210) Statistics show that the average college student will consume more than 34 gallons of alcohol each year. From an outside point of view, alcohol mayRead MoreThe Role Of Alcohol Abuse And Academic Performance939 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant stage of our life. However, this is also the time when we are in college, where drinking has been glorified as a popular culture. Although people have a good time at parties and such, Alcohol abuse poses a negative effect on our college experience in many different way. During college, men and women are highly exposed to Alcohol use. According to a study from the Center for the Study of Collegiate Mental Health at Penn State University (2009), there is a clear linkage between Alcohol abuseRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcoholism On Collegiate Athletic Performance1595 Words   |  7 PagesThe Negative Effects of Alcoholism on Collegiate Athletic Performance According to research and statistics, alcohol is the number one drug used by college students. Most individuals do not label alcohol as a drug due to the way it is consumed, but when considering the negative side effects that accompany alcohol, the comparison of alcohol to drugs may not be that far of a stretch. Alcohol can not only be harmful to an individual’s external health but also their internal health as well. ConsumptionRead MoreCollege Binge Drinking Epidemic2548 Words   |  11 PagesCollege Binge Drinking Epidemic Throughout the years, drinking alcohol in excessive amounts has become somewhat synonymous with the college experience. It has become an expected occurrence for college-aged students to drink and party regularly, and overtime has transformed into an accepted social norm of college life. Extreme drinking has been a consistent social problem that has substantially grown on college campuses all around the United States for the past few decades. In fact, binge drinkingRead MoreDrug and alcohol violations on college campuses1285 Words   |  6 Pagesviolations simply mean that the students do not abide by the policies implemented by the colleges. Approximately 110,000 college students were arrested for alcohol-related violations such as public drunkenness or driving under the influence (College Drinking, 2013). Gallaudet University has 276 drug violations and 5 arrests while the alcohol violations were 213 with 0 arrests. Greek organizations and athletes are more likely to drink and do drugs more often. Literature Review There are various factorsRead More The War Against Underage Drinking Essay2488 Words   |  10 Pagesovertaking this country. Underage drinking is spreading like a virus. It is not just teenagers in college that are drinking; there are numerous kids in high school, middle school, and even elementary school! How have we let it get this far? There is no excuse to be oblivious anymore. Underage drinking is right in front of our faces. It is killing our children. The good news is that this is a problem that can be fixed. There is no way of completely eliminating underage drinking, but it can be greatly reducedRead MoreBreaking Social Norms: Exploring Sobriety in College Essay2965 Words   |  12 Pagesof the students in recovery have this response. Why is it that drinking and partying has become the stereotype of college? Students seem to find it odd to have sober communities because they believe drinking and partying is all part of the college experience. What they do not realize is that there are thousands of sober college students all over the country who could benefit greatly from sober college communities. I do not think drinking and partying is part of the college experience. I think that

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The Importance Of A Child s Race Essay - 1370 Words

A child’s race can influence whether or not that he or she will be misidentified as needing special education. Disproportionality refers to the overrepresentation and under- representation of particular demographic groups in special education programs in relation to the overall student population (Disproportionality, 2008). Disproportionality can impact and have negative effects on a child throughout their entire education. This issue applies to various subgroups, but this paper will focus specifically on the overrepresentation of minority students, African Americans in particular. Disproportionality has been a significant issue for decades yet, many students continue to experience the effects of being misidentified in schools and labeled as a special education student due to multiple factors. This paper will address the specific factors of why minority students are being overrepresented in special education. This paper will also examine and argue what reforms could be done to minimize the issue. Disproportionality of Minority Students Placed in Special Education Introduction One of the most complex issues in special education today is disproportionality. Disproportionality was first reported in 1968 by an educational researcher named Lloyd Dunn. Dunn observed that 60 to 80 percent of students who were misidentified for special education services were students from low-status backgrounds including African Americans and students from non-middle classShow MoreRelatedI Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Essay782 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of One Person Upon The World From an apprehensive child growing up in a small town in Arkansas, Maya Angelou has evolved into an influential, wise, and respected woman. She has overcome obstacles and has grown into one of the à ©lite intellectual people of this country, and perhaps the world. Along her numerous struggles, various people have given her positive guidance and passed down their knowledge to her. Among these people was Mrs. Bertha Flowers, a person in which Maya respectedRead MorePrejudice to Kill a Mockingbird1014 Words   |  5 Pagesgroups, particularly those of differing race and socio-economic status. Ideas and themes about prejudice are strongly evoked through Harper Lee’s 1960 novel â€Å"To Kill a Mocking-bird† and the poem â€Å"The Child† by Valerie Church. â€Å"To Kill a Mocking-bird† explores the prejudices associated with the coloured and underprivileged community group in a small town of the central Alabama which contrasts to the simplistic nature of a me ntally-disabled boy in â€Å"The Child†. Through the juxtaposition of ideas conveyedRead MoreThe Role Of Transcultural / Transracial Placement Essay1252 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals and families of other races or cultures are becoming caregivers and guardians for children of different ethnicities. This is what is known as transcultural/transracial placement and has been a highly controversial happening since the 1970’s and 80’s. The concern amongst social workers and child welfare agencies in transracial placements is the loss of culture or racial identity that may result for the child. Because of the disproportion between the ethnicity of a child and the same or similarRead MoreDiversity At A Young Age920 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity is a very common word used in today s society. There is a lot of different categories of diversity that a person can fall under. Diversity can be defined by different races, ethnicity, socioeconomics, disabilities, gifte dness, gender, sexual orientation, and many more. A human being can fall under one of these categories or even more than one. In the world around us, everybody is different in their own way. Diversity plays a huge part in breaking certain people in different categoriesRead MoreTDA 3.61678 Words   |  7 Pagesservices. The SEN and disability act makes it unlawful for schools to discriminate against children with SEN or disability. Race relations act places a duty on schools to eliminate any sort of race discrimination and promote good relationships between all children from all races by educating them and explaining that there are different races but we are all equal. The children act sets out the duty of local authorities and schools to provide services to meet the needs of all childrenRead MoreThe Key Messages Of The Foundation Phase1057 Words   |  5 Pagesencounter whilst as a child and as an adult and the diverse cultures which they live amongst or exist in other countries. The well-being of the child is a vital of learning however it is not just associated with the basic needs of the child, but also how relaxed the child is with the environment and themselves. The well-being of a child can be ensured by fulfilling the basic needs which were defined in the hierarchy of needs by Maslow. Abraham Maslow stressed the importance of focusing on the positiveRead MoreThe Impact Of Supportive Co Parenting, Father Engagement And Attachment1346 Words   |  6 PagesIn Associations among Supportive Co-parenting, Father Engagement and Attachment: The Role of Race/Ethnicity, Pudasainee-Kapri and Razza examine the impact of supportive co-parenting, and father engagement on mother-child attachment. The article was written by researchers from the Syracuse University department of child and family studies. Researchers were particularly interested in the intersection of race/ethnicity with father engagement and maternal attachment. A series of interviews were conductedR ead MoreThe Key Messages Of The Foundation Phase1056 Words   |  5 Pagesencounter whilst as a child and as an adult and the diverse cultures which they live amongst or exist in other countries. The well-being of the child is a vital of learning however it is not just associated with the basic needs of the child, but also how relaxed the child is with the environment and themselves. The well-being of a child can be ensured by fulfilling the basic needs which were defined in the hierarchy of needs by Maslow. Abraham Maslow stressed the importance of focusing on the positiveRead MoreThe Debate Over Race And Intelligence1572 Words   |  7 Pagesdebate over race and intelligence had been fueled in 1994 when Charles A. Murray and Richard Hernstein published a book called, The Bell Curve. The Bell Curve was an analysis on the curve between race and intelligence. Due to the book being published, scientists began working on multiple tests to try to understand the correlation that was indicated in this book. This is such an emotional topic to argue about because society could stereotype themselves based on a definitive answer about race and intelligenceRead MoreAnimations Effect On Children : Annotated Bibliography877 Words   |  4 Pagesmore than just a temporary impact on our lives. They help us shape our own reality, â€Å"who we are, who we aspire to be, and how we view the world around us†(1). Race and ethnicity are not only physical attributes of people but also are ways of seeing and understanding the world. Given that many of the messages that children receive about race and ethnicity come to them through animation and cartoons it’s important to discover how it impacts them. Animation is heavily aimed at children in our country

The French Revolution Occurred During The Time Periods

The French Revolution occurred during the time periods 1787 to 1799 which shook France. Its climax reached in 1789 when the ancien regime ended in France. The French Revolution was the most violent and by far the most universally significant revolution compared to the rest. The initial cause of the revolution was the social structure of the West. One social structure that was based on the holding of all land by fees that resulted in the relation of the king to vassal was called the feudal system that weakened step-by-step and had already disappeared in certain regions of Europe prior to the revolution. The feudal system was characterized by homage, legal and military service of tenants, and punishment. Wealthy commoners, also called†¦show more content†¦Rousseau was an anti- philosophe, he took Montesquieu’s theory a step further in which civilization corrupts rather than nature and that big states are also corrupt, small states are best. During the time, as France fa ced heavy expenditure that the wars had brought, the rulers had raised money by taxing the nobles and clergy and the rulers were backed upon the enlightened despots. There are many causes that could have contributed to the French Revolution like the peasants were aware of their situation and were less willing to support the feudal system. The philosophes were well read throughout the region and questioned many. The government was at the edge of bankruptcy due to their involvement in the American Revolution because there was a refusal to pay taxes given by the Great Britain King which ended with the rulers and privileged class become allies with the peasants and non- privileged class. There was many economic factors that started the French revolution also like: crop failures in 1788 and the population increasing. The French Monarchy was vanishing because it was unable to adapt to the pressures brought onto it which also contributed to the start of the French Revolution. The Great War lasted 1914-1918 that involved 28 nations around the world. It started with the assassination of Franz Ferdinand and then Austria- Hungary declared war on Serbia. Due to an alliance, called Triple Alliance, Germany and Italy joined Austria- Hungary whileShow MoreRelatedThe Real Cause of the French Revolution Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe Real Cause of the French Revolution For hundreds of years historians have tried to find out the real cause of the French Revolution, and they have come up with hundreds of varieties different reasons as well. Spread over the ten-year period from 1789-1799, the French Revolution was initiated by disagreements over the peoples ideas of reform. Seeking equality, libertyRead MoreThe Causes And Effects Of Europe945 Words   |  4 Pageshistory will reveal a constant theme of revolutions and counterrevolutions across space and time that have shaped the very foundations of societies across the expanse of the continent. Furthermore, these revolutions occurred in many different spheres of daily life. For instance, some revolutions featured prolonged periods of violent political upheaval while others featured a more subtle revolution, changing the very social fabric of Europe. In addition, some revolutions centered on economic change whileRead MoreThe Rise Of The Revolution1063 Words   |  5 PagesMany revolutions have taken place throughout human history. Conflict is almost inevitable, as human beings have had a tendency to thirst for power since the beginnings of civilization. With the rise of monarchies, the â€Å"divine right of kings†, and social caste systems, disgruntlement wit h the government from subjected citizens is probable. A mean for substantial and exponential changes to the â€Å"system† is by way of revolution. Revolutionaries often are victims of suffering and hardships, imposed uponRead MoreThe Revolutionary War : Wim Klooster s Book Revolutions1114 Words   |  5 Pages Wim Klooster’s book Revolutions in the Atlantic World expresses the deep roots of the revolutionary war period throughout various locations and circumstances. He strives to express the causes, effects, and the political civil war which caused the great uproar in the once colonial lands. This shift in history is noted in Klooster’s book and expanded upon in his chapter entitled â€Å"The Revolution’s Compared.† He notes the various commonalities between the American, French, Haitian, and Spanish AmericanRead MoreEnlightenment During The French Revolution1423 Words   |  6 Pages Enlightenment during The French Revolution: Two of the Greatest Eras Working Together Without Knowing Molly Dauk Honors World History Mrs. Bartosik May 5, 2017 The Enlightenment and the French Revolution, two of the most enriched periods of history, probably never to be left out of the history books. The French Revolution was influenced greatly by the Age of Reason. The Enlightenment period took place over about three-hundred years, whereas the French Revolution took place for onlyRead MoreEnlightenment and the French Revolution1227 Words   |  5 PagesName Subject Professor Date Enlightenment Influence on Political, Social and Cultural Policies of French Revolutionary Period. The age of enlightenment led by influential intellectuals during the 18th century Europe greatly inspired the French citizens, especially the peasants, leading to the revolutionary period culminating from 1789 to 1799. The enlightenment is hailed as the foundation of today’s western political and intellectual culture.1 Growth of liberal democracies and democraciesRead MoreThe French Revolution During The 19th Century Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the beginning of history there have been major political, economic, cultural and social revolutions. The people wanted change and brought about revolt against their government. The revolution instigated the act of liberty and equality for all people and generated fair living standards and/or social classes and treatment. This prompted expansions of political forces including but not limited to the democracy and nationalism. Questioning the authority of kings, priests and nobles it providedRead MoreThe French Revolut ion890 Words   |  4 Pagesas an â€Å"introduction to the French Revolution† by acquainting â€Å"the reader with the most important events, the prominent people, and the essential terms (xvi).† In her introduction, Neely discusses how the Revolution is still a hot-topic discussion amongst French-people and even how at the Bicentennial, there was still no definitive answers as to the â€Å"how† and â€Å"why† of the Revolution. Neely’s text is a great supportive source for a typical undergraduate French Revolution survey course. Neely utilizesRead MoreGuillotine History1068 Words   |  5 PagesMademoiselle Guillotine During the course of the French Revolution, the persistent rebels finally achieved their goal and overthrew the tyrannical monarchy. However, even after this initial struggle came even greater bloodshed, for the rebels proved they could be just as brutal as their old oppressors. Yet, this brutality would never have been as extreme as it was were it not for the invention of the infamous guillotine. A dark machine designed for decapitation, it consists of a tall, woodenRead MoreSavannah Whiting, Carson Lilley, Kennethan Heng . Mr. Porter.1168 Words   |  5 PagesApril, 2017 Change and Continuity Over Time These three eras of revolution showcase various changes and continuities. The three-hundred year span features revolutions that started because of an assortment of different reasons, while many of them are practically duplicates in their results of the conflict, such as a government being abolished. Although these revolutions present diverse changes over time, the essence of almost every revolution in all three time periods reveals significant continuities between

A Study on the Concept of Green Building Analysis of Its Practice in International and Domestic Levels free essay sample

Table of Contents 1. Introduction9 2. Purpose9 3. Methodology9 4. What is Green Building? 10 5. Objectives of Green Building11 6. Why Build Green? 11 7. How do buildings affect climate change? 12 8. Benefits of Green Building12 9. Elements of Green Buildings13 9. 1. Siting and structure design efficiency13 9. 2. Energy efficiency14 9. 3. Water efficiency14 9. 4. Materials efficiency14 9. 5. Indoor environmental quality enhancement15 9. 6. Operations and maintenance optimization15 9. 7. Waste Toxic Reduction15 9. 8. Occupant Health and Safety16 10. What building types can be green? 16 11. Critics of Green Building, Cost16 12. Green Home17 2. 1. Heating and Cooling18 12. 2. Lighting22 12. 3. Insulation, Air Sealing, and Weatherization23 12. 4. Windows, Skylights, and Exterior Doors23 12. 5. Hot Water Systems24 12. 6. Interior Walls and Ceilings25 12. 7. Air Cleaning25 12. 8. Exterior Finishes25 12. 9. Green Power for the Home25 13. Other Practices related to Green Home27 14. Green Bui lding, practice at International Level28 14. 1. Non-synergic Practice28 14. 2. Synergic Practice, World Green Building Councils30 14. 2. 1. Vision30 14. 2. 2. Mission30 14. 2. 3. Goal31 14. 2. 4. The challenge32 14. 2. 5. The  solution32 14. 2. 6. GBC Membership, How to become a member? 33 14. . 7. Membership Types33 14. 2. 8. Present Members of GBC33 14. 2. 9. Green Building Rating Systems35 14. 3. United States Green Building Council36 14. 3. 1. About USGBC36 14. 3. 2. USGBCs Mission36 14. 3. 3. USGBCs Vision36 14. 3. 4. USGBCs Headquarters36 14. 3. 5. USGBC Programs37 14. 3. 6. Certified Buildings of US GBC (details at appendix)38 14. 4. Indian Green Building Council39 14. 4. 1. About IGBC39 14. 4. 2. Rating Systems of IGBC39 14. 4. 3. Membership in IGBC41 14. 4. 4. IGBC Programs41 14. 4. 5. Certified buildings of IGBC42 15. Green Building, practice in Bangladesh43 15. 1. Case 01: Solar Panel at PM Office, March’1043 5. 2. Case 02: Solar Panel at Bangladesh Bank HO, March’1043 15. 3. Case 03: Green Building solution in the new office of Viyellatex , Feb’1043 15. 4. Green Home, practice in Bangladesh46 15. 5. Recommendations46 16. Conclusion47 17. Bibliography48 Appendix A, UGBC Project Profile (2 projects) Appendix B, Presentation Slides Executive Summary Green Building is the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a buildings lif e-cycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. It is also known as green construction or sustainable building or high performance building. Objectives of Green Building are: †¢Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources †¢Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity †¢Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation It has several benefits like: †¢Environmental benefits †¢Economic benefits †¢Social benefits Green Building also contributes in slowing down the pace of global climate change by reducing the energy use and greenhouse gas emissions produced by buildings. Green Home, the prototype of Green Building concept, focuses on the objectives of Green Building at micro level. This covers the following aspects of a home: †¢Heating and Cooling †¢Lighting †¢Insulation, Air Sealing, and Weatherization etc. The concept of Green Building is being practiced worldwide through two different approaches: Non-Synergic (like ISO 21931) and Synergic (Green Building Councils). The World Green Building Council (WGBC) is promoting the concept by opening chapters in several countries of the world in a synergic way. In Bangladesh, Green Building is not being practiced in either non-synergic or synergic way. Along with the long use case of some Green Home practices, recently in 2010, three isolated instances of ‘partial practice of Green Building’ have been observed in Bangladesh. To attain benefits of Green Building in Bangladesh, we have recommended: Local Perspectives †¢Promotion of Green Building concepts by government †¢Opening of the ‘Bangladesh Chapter of World Green Building Council (wgbc)’ †¢Educating and creating service professionals through specialized courses on relevant engineering and environmental sciences International Perspectives Exporting services of Green Building professionals We have also recommended for the following to build a Greener Globe: †¢ Green Practices at micro level, Green Home is the starter. †¢ Chapters of WGBC need to be opened and practiced in all countries to ensure synergy in activities and sharing know-how and technologies from the same ground. †¢ Bringing synergy in the non-synergic initiati ves of Green Building concept so that ultimate objective of having a greener globe remains same. A study on the concept of Green Building analysis of its practice in international and domestic levels . Introduction In the present time of ‘critical environmental and climate issues’ and growing threat of ‘shortening storage of fuel and energy resources’, the inhabitants of the globe are bound to think seriously on the sustainability of the environment and ensuring livable conditions for the next generations. The time has come to practice the concept of Green Building as one of the measures of protecting the environment which promotes building infrastructure in a way that is environmentally responsible and efficient in energy utilization. In this term paper after going through detail study of this concept we have analyzed its practices across the globe. With a special focus on the practice of this concept in Bangladesh context, we have recommended on how the same can be made more effective from both Bangladesh and global perspectives. 2. Purpose Purpose of this term paper is to study the concept of ‘Green Building’ and analyze its practice in international and domestic levels. 3. Methodology Date Source: Data has been collected from relevant internet resources which are categorized as secondary source of information. Sampling Plan: Study didn’t require conducting through any statistical sampling plan. Limitation of the Study: Reliability only on the secondary source of information. Report Preview: The concept of Green Building has been studied at the first part of the report. In the second part, we have analyzed the practice of it internationally, at different countries of the world and at the last part we have analyzed the same for Bangladesh. Study was not required to conduct through any statistical sampling plan. Part-I Green Building, the concept and other details 4. What is Green Building? Green Building, also known as green construction or sustainable building or high performance building, is the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a buildings life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and deconstruction. This practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. A similar concept is natural building, which is usually on a smaller scale and tends to focus on the use of natural materials that are available locally. pic] [pic] 5. Objectives of Green Building Although new technologies are constantly being developed to complement current practices in creating greener structures, the common objective is that green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by: †¢ Efficiently using energy, water, and ot her resources †¢ Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity †¢ Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation In other words, through Green Buildings following impacts are taken care: Aspects of Built |Consumption |Environmental Effects |Ultimate Effects | |Environment | | | | |Siting |Energy |Waste |Harm to Human Health | |Design |Water |Air pollution |Environment Degradation | |Construction |Materials |Water pollution |Loss of Resources | |Operation |Natural Resources |Indoor pollution | | |Maintenance | |Heat islands | | |Renovation | |Storm water runoff | | |Deconstruction | |Noise | | 6. Why Build Green? From a recent statistics published by EPA[1] United States, buildings account for: †¢ 39 percent of total energy use †¢ 12 percent of the total water consumption 68 percent of total electricity consumption †¢ 38 percent of the carbon dioxide emissions The built environment has a vast impact on the natural environment, human health, and the economy. By adopting green building strategies, maximization of both economic and environmental performance can be attained. Green construction methods can be integrated into buildings at any stage, from design and construction, to renovation and deconstruction. However, the most significant benefits can be obtained if the design a nd construction team takes an integrated approach from the earliest stages of a building project. 7. How do buildings affect climate change? The energy used to heat and power our buildings leads to the consumption of large amounts of energy, mainly from burning fossil fuels oil, natural gas and coal which generate significant amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2), the most widespread greenhouse gas. Buildings in the U. S. contribute 38. 1 percent of the nations total carbon dioxide emissions. Reducing the energy use and greenhouse gas emissions produced by buildings is therefore fundamental to the effort to slow the pace of global climate change. Buildings may be associated with the release of greenhouse gases in other ways, for example, construction and demolition debris that degrades in landfills may generate methane, and the extraction and manufacturing of building materials may also generate greenhouse gas emissions. . Benefits of Green Building Potential benefits of green building can include: Environmental benefits †¢ Enhance and protect biodiversity and ecosystems †¢ Improve air and water quality †¢ Redu ce waste streams †¢ Conserve and restore natural resources †¢ Reduce emission of CO2 Economic benefits †¢ Reduce operating costs †¢ Create, expand, and shape markets for green product and services †¢ Improve occupant productivity †¢ Optimize life-cycle economic performance Social benefits †¢ Enhance occupant comfort and health †¢ Heighten aesthetic qualities †¢ Minimize strain on local infrastructure †¢ Improve overall quality of life 9. Elements of Green Buildings Green building brings together a vast array of practices and techniques to reduce and ultimately eliminate the impacts of buildings on the environment and human health. It often emphasizes taking advantage of renewable resources, e. g. , using sunlight through passive solar, active solar, and photovoltaic techniques and using plants and trees through green roofs, rain gardens, and for reduction of rainwater run-off. Many other techniques, such as using packed gravel or permeable concrete instead of conventional concrete or asphalt to enhance replenishment of ground water, are used as well. While the practices, or technologies, employed in green building are constantly evolving and may differ from region to region, there are fundamental principles that persist from which the method is derived: 1. Siting and Structure Design Efficiency 2. Energy Efficiency 3. Water Efficiency 4. Materials Efficiency 5. Indoor Environmental Quality Enhancement 6. Operations and Maintenance Optimization 7. Waste and Toxics Reduction 8. Occupant Health and Safety The essence of green building is an optimization of one or more of these principles. Also, with the proper synergistic design, individual green building technologies may work together to produce a greater cumulative effect. On the aesthetic side of green architecture or sustainable design is the philosophy of designing a building that is in harmony with the natural features and resources surrounding the site. There are several key steps in designing sustainable buildings: specify green building materials from local sources, reduce loads, optimize systems, and generate on-site renewable energy. 1. Siting and structure design efficiency The foundation of any construction project is rooted in the concept and design stages. The concept stage, in fact, is one of the major steps in a project life cycle, as it has the largest impact on cost and performance. In designing environmentally optimal buildings, the objective function aims at minimizing the total environmental impact associated with all life-cycle stages of the building project. However, building as a process is not as streamlined as an industrial process, and varies from one building to the other, never repeating itself identically. In addition, buildings are much more complex products, composed of a multitude of materials and components each constituting various design variables to be decided at the design stage. A variation of every design variable may affect the environment during all the buildings relevant life-cycle stages. 2. Energy efficiency Green buildings often include measures to reduce energy use. To increase the efficiency of the building envelope, (the barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space), they may use high efficiency windows and insulation in walls, ceilings, and floors. Another strategy, passive solar building design, is often implemented in low-energy homes. Designers orient windows and walls and place awnings, porches, and trees to shade windows and roofs during the summer while maximizing solar gain in the winter. In addition, effective window placement (day lighting) can provide more natural light and lessen the need for electric lighting during the day. Solar water heating further reduces energy loads. Onsite generation of renewable energy through solar power, wind power, hydro power, or biomass can significantly reduce the environmental impact of the building. Power generation is generally the most expensive feature to add to a building. 3. Water efficiency Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality are key objectives in sustainable building. One critical issue of water consumption is that in many areas of the country, the demands on the supplying aquifer exceed its ability to replenish itself. To the maximum extent feasible, facilities should increase their dependence on water that is collected, used, purified, and reused on-site. The protection and conservation of water throughout the life of a building may be accomplished by designing for dual plumbing that recycles water in toilet flushing. Waste-water may be minimized by utilizing water conserving fixtures such as ultra-low flush toilets and low-flow shower heads. Bidets help eliminate the use of toilet paper, reducing sewer traffic and increasing possibilities of re-using water on-site. Point of use water treatment and heating improves both water quality and energy efficiency while reducing the amount of water in circulation. The use of non-sewage and grey water for on-site use such as site-irrigation will minimize demands on the local aquifer. 4. Materials efficiency Building materials typically considered to be green include rapidly renewable plant materials like bamboo (because bamboo grows quickly) and straw, lumber from forests certified to be sustainable managed, ecology blocks, dimension stone, recycled stone, recycled metal, and other products that are non-toxic, reusable, renewable, and/or recyclable (e. g. Linoleum, sheep wool, panels made from paper flakes, compressed earth block, adobe, baked earth, rammed earth, clay, vermiculite, flax linen, sisal, sea grass, cork, expanded clay grains, coconut, wood fiber plates, calcium sand stone, oncrete (high and ultra high performance, roman self-healing concrete) , etc. Using recycled industrial goods, such as coal combustion products, foundry sand, and demolition debris in construction projects heavily reduces carbon emissions as well. Building mater ials should be extracted and manufactured locally to the building site to minimize the energy embedded in their transportation. Where possible, building elements should be manufactured off-site and delivered to site, to maximize benefits of off-site manufacture including minimizing waste, maximizing recycling (because manufacture is in one location), high quality elements, better OHS management, less noise and dust. 5. Indoor environmental quality enhancement During the design and construction process choosing construction materials and interior finish products with zero or low emissions will improve Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ). Many building materials and cleaning/maintenance products emit toxic gases, such as VOC[2]s and formaldehyde. These gases can have a detrimental impact on occupants health and productivity as well. Avoiding these products will increase a buildings IEQ. Personal temperature and airflow control over the HVAC[3] system coupled with a properly designed building envelope will also aid in increasing a buildings thermal quality. Creating a high performance luminous environment through the careful integration of natural and artificial light sources will improve on the lighting quality of a structure. 6. Operations and maintenance optimization No matter how sustainable a building may have been in its design and construction, it can only remain so if it is operated responsibly and maintained properly. Ensuring operations and maintenance (O) personnel are part of the projects planning and development process will help retain the green criteria designed at the onset of the project. Every aspect of green building is integrated into the OM phase of a buildings life. The addition of new green technologies also falls on the O staff. Although the goal of waste reduction may be applied during the design, construction and demolition phases of a buildings life-cycle, it is in the OM phase that green practices such as recycling and air quality enhancement take place. 7. Waste Toxic Reduction Green architecture also seeks to reduce waste of energy, water and materials used during construction. During the construction phase, one goal should be to reduce the amount of material going to landfills. Well-designed buildings also help reduce the amount of waste generated by the occupants as well, by providing on-site solutions such as compost bins to reduce matter going to landfills. To reduce the impact on wells or water treatment plants, several options exist. Grey water, wastewater from sources such as dishwashing or washing machines, can be used for subsurface irrigation, or if treated, for non-potable purposes, e. g. to flush toilets and wash cars. Rainwater collectors are used for similar purposes. 8. Occupant Health and Safety Choose construction materials and interior finish products with zero or low emissions to improve indoor air quality. Many building materials and cleaning/maintenance products emit toxic gases, such as volatile organic compoun ds (VOC) and formaldehyde. These gases can have a detrimental impact on occupants health and productivity. Provide adequate ventilation and a high-efficiency, in-duct filtration system. Heating and cooling systems that ensure adequate ventilation and proper filtration can have a dramatic and positive impact on indoor air quality. Prevent indoor microbial contamination through selection of materials resistant to microbial growth, provide effective drainage from the roof and surrounding landscape, install adequate ventilation in bathrooms, allow proper drainage of air-conditioning coils, and design other building systems to control humidity. 10. What building types can be green? Any type of building has the potential to become a green or sustainable building, however every building type has different design and efficiency needs depending on its particular function. New buildings may be designed, built and operated to be green buildings. Existing building can also become green through remodeling, retrofitting and improved operations. 11. Critics of Green Building, Cost The most criticized issue about constructing environmentally friendly buildings is the price. Photovoltaic, new appliances and modern technologies tend to cost more money. Most green buildings cost a premium of

The Rain Sent an Electrical Blaze through the Rest of Them free essay sample

And all she was, was wet. She sat there, shifting back and forth uncomfortably, burning holes with her hazel eyes through her already ripped tights. Outside, the heavy April rain kept a balanced cadence on the pavement, greening the cemetery’s grass and creating small lakes within the sidewalk cracks. Her emotions bounced between sadness and frustration as she pleaded with her tear ducts to release the tears that would not come. She didn’t get it. She had sobbed at the end of The Notebook, lost it when Jamie died in A Walk to Remember, and still cries when â€Å"Can You Feel the Love Tonight† plays in the Lion King. But, for some reason, at this moment in time, tears had escaped her completely. She remember being younger, and forgetting how to swallow. She remembered being scared she was going to drown in her own saliva. Now, she thought about what it would be like to forget how to feel. We will write a custom essay sample on The Rain Sent an Electrical Blaze through the Rest of Them or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was not until that night when she read the note her grandfather had given her at her great uncle’s funeral, that the tears came. It read, â€Å"Love is stronger than death even though it can’t stop death from happening, but no matter how hard death tries it can’t separate people from love. It can’t take away our memories either. In the end, life is stronger than death.† From the funeral home, the casket was driven to the cemetery. White flowers – that were beginning to emerge from the leaves of trees- stuck out like sore thumbs against the black dresses and suits of all of those who had came to mourn. The coffin was then slowly lowered into the ground. Each person took their turn shoveling dirt onto the coffin. When it was her turn, she imagined he was peaceful, and for the reason she felt it would be rude to drop the dirt onto the coffin like everyone else had. Instead, she decided to sprinkle the dirt, as not to wake him up. Now all that stood between the girl and her grandfather was seven feet of soil. She wished the lid of the coffin and everyone else would just go away for a second, so she could talk to her grandfather one last time, and tell him that she missed him. She wanted to tell him that she thought of him every time she watched a Mets game, and that she had been really disappointed when she had found out that Felix the Cat didnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t actually live in the basement. She wished he could ask her how her day had been one more time, so this time she could give him more than just some monosyllabic answer. She wished she could tell him she was sorry for feeling relieved that she had had an excuse to not take her biology exam the day before. She wanted to ask him how he made her tongue stick out whenever he pushed on her bellybutton. However, she imagined she would look pretty stupid talking to a wooden box and bunch of dirt, and she didn’t want the other tombstones and benches to laugh at her. As regrets danced around in her head, the droning voice of the rabbi was finishing a Hebrew song about ten octaves off key, â€Å"May he rest in peace, he was a wonderful man† was the extent of the eulogy; the classically lame closing line. It wasn’t what he deserved. This wasn’t what he deserved. His casket looked too short and discolored. She wondered if they made blue coffins, to match his eyes. But she knew that the last thing he’d want was for people to be bitter at his funeral. Just like the quote from her grandfather’s note, she knew that he would always be with her, and all the memories, those would stay alive too. He’d want them to smile as they looked back on all the good times and laughs. Because that’s just the kind of guy he was, and she wished more than anything that she would have appreciated as much as she should have.